Cissus Quadrangularis Extracts - Review and Evaluation of the Efficacy

Abstract

Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) is a perennial plant of the grape family native to tropical Asia, the Middle East, and much of Africa. Extracts of the plant have long been used in folk medicine, including Ayurveda and in traditional African and Thai medicine.

Available as a dietary supplement, Cissus quadrangularis is said to offer a variety of health benefits. Among them, CQ is believed to promote the healing of broken bones and injured joints. Because of this, it is referred to as asthisamharaka ("that which prevents the destruction of bones") by the Assam people of India, Bangladesh, and Southeast Asia.

Cissus Quadrangularis Extract contains several unique saponins and anti-oxidants. It has been clinically studied for its support in joint, ligament, and tendon health. Studies suggest that Cissus Quadrangularis may provide a range of benefits for soft tissue health, while also contributing to a healthy anti-inflammatory response. Inflammation Support. Controlling inflammation is extremely important to overall health and wellness, especially for those who lead an active lifestyle.

Benefits

Cissus quadrangularis extracts can also be found in some bodybuilding supplements, where it is considered an alternative to steroids due to its purported anabolic effects.

Despite these and other health claims, there is little evidence that CQ works in preventing or treating any medical condition. Of the research that does exist, the conclusions are often limited by small study size or the lack of appropriate measures and controls.

Bone Health

Cissus quadrangularis shows promise in the prevention of osteoporosis, suggests a 2011 study published in La Clinica Terapeutica. The study involved mice that were given either the osteoporosis drug raloxifene or a combination of raloxifene and a CQ extract.

While there were no significant changes in blood calcium levels after one month, the rats that were given raloxifene and the CQ extract had greater increases in cortical bone (the hard exterior portion of bone) and trabecular bone (the "spongy" interior bone) than those given raloxifene only.

In a related study published in the Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, scientists reported that human bone cells exposed to CQ in the test tube had an accelerated production of osteoblasts (the cells responsible for new bone formation).

Joint Pain and Arthritis

Cissus quadrangularis is believed to have anti-inflammatory properties that help relieve joint pain. Researchers from the University of Memphis tested the hypothesis in 29 young, healthy men who reported chronic joint pain as a result of strenuous exercise.

After receiving 3,200 milligrams (mg) of a CQ supplement daily for eight weeks, the men reported a subjective decrease in joint pain, swelling, and stiffness (although no clinical changes were noted). The conclusions were limited by the lack of a placebo control group and the small sample size.

Weight Loss

Extracts of Cissus quadrangularis may support weight loss efforts, according to a small study published in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine in 2019.

According to the researchers, a water-based extract of Cissus quandrangularis (called CQR-300) was used in 35 adults with metabolic syndrome, while a corn starch placebo was given to a matched group of 32 adults.

After eight weeks, adults given 300 mg of CQR-300 daily had an 8.9% loss in body fat versus 1.05% in the placebo group.

The CQR-300 users also experienced a drop in blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting blood glucose, as well as increases in HDL ("good") cholesterol (although these effects are attributed more to weight loss than the effects of the supplement).

Despite the positive findings, it is worth noting that corn starch hinders weight loss and that 300 grams (10 ounces) equates to about 1,000 calories.

Hemorrhoids

Although Cissus quadrangularis has a long history of use as a treatment for hemorrhoids, a 2010 study published in the Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand found that it failed to aid in hemorrhoid treatment.

Among the 570 people enrolled in the study, half of whom received a topical CQ ointment for seven days, none reported any greater or lesser relief of hemorrhoids than those provided a placebo.

Cissus Quadrangularisis Extract Bulk Wholesale

Based on studies to date, Cissus extracts appear to be exceedingly safe and free of adverse effects at the doses commonly used. A wide variety of chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from Cissus extracts, including steroids, flavonoids, stilbenes, iridoids, triterpenes and gallic acid derivatives. However, in few cases have specific physiological effects been related to identifiable constituents. Better standardization of extracts and more well-controlled human studies are required.

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